Much theoretical work has revealed that metaphors defining enemies as cancers or viruses exacerbate perceptions of threat toward outgroup members and provide individuals with a justification for aggressive behaviors. This sociopsychological process is known as "biologization," a form of dehumanization in which others are perceived as more similar to contagious entities rather than human beings.

This line of research investigates biologization by examining its antecedents and consequences. So far, we have consistently demonstrated the key role of disgust as an antecedent of biologization. Furthermore, we have highlighted the effects of biological dehumanization by focusing on indirect aggression, namely behaviors planned to harm someone in a roundabout manner, such as excluding them from a group or society.

Currently, we are deepening our understanding of biologization by studying its manifestation toward the homeless population. Additionally, we are expanding the research to include the phenomenon of "self-biologization," which involves internalizing biological dehumanization. In doing this, we are employing innovative methods such as 360-degree videos, allowing participants to engage with immersive scenarios that provide unique insights into these processes.

By identifying the mechanisms underlying biologization, our findings can inform anti-discrimination campaigns and training programs for professionals working in social services and education. Moreover, the use of immersive technologies opens new pathways for developing empathy-based interventions that can reduce dehumanizing perceptions and promote social reintegration of marginalized groups.

A portion of this project was included in my PhD thesis, which won the "Best Doctoral Dissertation in Social Psychology 2019" award from the Social Psychology Division of the Italian Association of Psychology.